Which statement best describes the difference between visual and functional inspection?

• A. Visual inspection verifies operation; functional inspection checks physical condition.
• B. Visual inspection assesses physical condition; functional inspection verifies operation.
• C. Visual inspection checks for defects only; functional inspection checks for safety.
• D. Visual inspection is more time-consuming than functional inspection.

Answer: (B)

Visual inspection focuses on condition by looking for signs of wear, damage, or leaks, without testing how the item works. Functional inspection, on the other hand, tests the actual operation of the system or component to verify it performs its intended function and meets performance expectations.

For example, with a valve, you’d visually check for corrosion, leaks, or damaged parts; then you’d operate the valve to confirm it opens and closes smoothly, seats properly, and maintains sealing under pressure.

This distinction is why the statement that visual inspection assesses physical condition while functional inspection verifies operation is the best fit. The other options either mix up what each type checks, limit functional inspection to safety, or claim visual takes more time, which isn’t generally correct.